Group therapy ideas offer powerful tools for mental health professionals to foster healing and growth in a collective setting. These therapeutic group activities provide a unique platform for individuals to connect, share experiences, and develop essential skills. From trust-building exercises to fun group therapy activities, the range of options available can significantly enhance the effectiveness of mental health group sessions.
In this comprehensive guide, you'll discover a wealth of group therapy ideas for adults and teens alike. We'll explore various therapeutic activities designed to address different mental health concerns and promote personal development. You'll learn how to implement these ideas effectively, create a supportive group environment, and tailor activities to meet the specific needs of your clients. Whether you're a seasoned therapist or new to group facilitation, this resource will equip you with valuable strategies to enrich your practice and make a lasting impact on your clients' lives.
Understanding Group Therapy
Group therapy is a powerful form of psychotherapy that brings together individuals with similar experiences or concerns. It provides a supportive environment for personal growth and healing under the guidance of one or more trained therapists. This therapeutic approach offers unique benefits that can complement or sometimes replace individual therapy.
There are several types of group therapy, each designed to address specific needs and goals. The five main types include:
Psychoeducational groups: These focus on providing factual information about psychological phenomena, disorders, or substance abuse. They aim to educate members and equip them with coping strategies to manage their conditions effectively.
Skills development groups: These groups help participants enhance their coping skills for mental health conditions. They employ techniques like role-playing, problem-solving, and goal-setting to improve communication skills and boost self-confidence.
Cognitive behavioral groups: These groups work on restructuring beliefs to reduce negative behaviors. Participants learn to identify triggers and develop management strategies for various mental health issues.
Support groups: These provide a safe space for individuals to share experiences, offer acceptance, and contemplate managing life changes. They foster a sense of belonging and help develop communication skills.
Interpersonal process groups: These groups focus on interpersonal dynamics and relationships. They help participants gain insights into their interpersonal behavior through feedback and self-observation.
Group therapy can be beneficial for a wide range of mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It's also helpful for individuals dealing with chronic pain, grief, anger management, and life transitions 1.
One of the primary benefits of group therapy is the realization that you're not alone in your struggles. As Dr. Irvin D. Yalom, a renowned psychotherapist, notes, "Many patients enter therapy with the disquieting thought that they are unique in their wretchedness" 2. Group therapy helps dispel this notion by bringing together individuals with similar experiences.
Group therapy also provides a unique opportunity to give and receive support. Members are encouraged to turn to each other for feedback and connection, rather than relying solely on the therapist. This peer support can be incredibly powerful in the healing process 2.
Moreover, group therapy can be more affordable than individual therapy. On average, group therapy costs about one-half to one-third less than individual therapy, making it a more accessible option for many people 1.
However, it's important to note that group therapy may not be suitable for everyone. If you're in crisis or having suicidal thoughts, individual therapy might be a better choice. Additionally, if you struggle with social anxiety or are extremely private, sharing in a group setting might be challenging 1.
In conclusion, understanding the different types of group therapy and their benefits can help you make an informed decision about whether this approach might be right for you. Remember, it may take trying a few different groups to find the one that best suits your needs and comfort level.
Essential Group Therapy Activities
Group therapy ideas offer a wide range of therapeutic activities that can significantly enhance the effectiveness of mental health sessions. These activities are designed to foster healing, growth, and connection among participants. Let's explore some essential group therapy activities that can be beneficial for both adults and teens.
Ice Breakers
Ice breakers are crucial in creating a relaxed and comfortable atmosphere, encouraging participants to express their thoughts and emotions more freely during group sessions. These activities help break down barriers, promote open communication, and build trust among group members.
One effective ice breaker is the "Group Chain" activity. In this exercise, participants stand in a circle and take turns sharing their name along with a fact about themselves. Each person then links arms with someone who can relate to the shared fact, forming a chain. This activity helps group members find commonalities and build connections right from the start 3.
Another engaging ice breaker is "Two Truths and a Lie." Participants write down three statements about themselves, two true and one false. The group then tries to guess which statement is the lie. This activity not only helps people get to know each other but also adds an element of fun to the session 4.
Trust-Building Exercises
Trust is essential in group therapy, as it creates a safe environment for participants to share their experiences and emotions. Trust-building exercises help foster a sense of security and encourage open communication among group members.
One effective trust-building activity is the "Human Knot." Participants stand in a circle, close their eyes, and reach out to hold hands with two different people. The group then works together to untangle the "knot" without letting go of each other's hands. This exercise promotes teamwork, communication, and problem-solving skills 5.
Another powerful trust-building exercise is the "Blindfolded Assault Course." Participants work in pairs, with one person blindfolded and the other giving verbal instructions to guide them through an obstacle course. This activity helps develop trust, communication skills, and empathy among group members 5.
Emotional Expression Activities
Emotional expression activities are vital in group therapy as they help participants explore and communicate their feelings in a safe and supportive environment. These activities can lead to increased self-awareness and emotional regulation.
One effective emotional expression activity is the "Draw Your Mood" exercise. Participants are asked to visually represent their current emotional state through drawing or painting. This non-verbal approach allows group members to express themselves in a creative and often revealing way 6.
Another powerful activity is the "Lighthouse Visualization." Participants imagine themselves lost at sea on a stormy night, with a lighthouse guiding them to safety. They then draw or paint an image of the lighthouse, representing sources of guidance in their lives. This exercise helps individuals identify and express their sources of support and hope 7.
By incorporating these essential group therapy activities into your sessions, you can create a more engaging and effective therapeutic environment. These activities help build trust, encourage open communication, and provide opportunities for emotional expression and personal growth.
Specialized Group Therapy Techniques
Group therapy ideas can be enhanced by incorporating specialized techniques that address specific mental health concerns and promote personal growth. These techniques offer powerful tools to foster healing and connection within a group setting. Let's explore some effective specialized group therapy techniques that can significantly enhance the therapeutic experience.
CBT-Based Activities
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured and goal-oriented form of behavioral therapy that can be effectively applied in group settings. CBT-based activities aim to change negative thought patterns and behaviors, leading to better decision-making and healthier coping strategies.
One popular CBT-based activity is thought replacement or cognitive restructuring. This exercise involves identifying negative thoughts and replacing them with positive alternatives. In a group setting, participants can write down their negative thoughts and pass them around, allowing other members to offer positive perspectives. This collaborative approach helps individuals recognize that they're not alone in their struggles and provides diverse viewpoints for reframing negative thoughts.
Another effective CBT technique is behavioral activation. This involves identifying and engaging in positive behaviors that can improve mood and overall well-being. Group members can work together to brainstorm enjoyable activities and create action plans to incorporate these into their daily lives. This shared process can increase motivation and accountability among participants.
Mindfulness Exercises
Mindfulness-based group therapy has shown promising results, with evidence suggesting it can be as effective as individual CBT for certain conditions. Incorporating mindfulness exercises into group therapy can help participants develop greater self-awareness and emotional regulation skills.
One popular mindfulness activity is the body scan exercise. This technique involves systematically focusing attention on different parts of the body, noticing sensations without judgment. In a group setting, a facilitator can guide participants through the body scan, encouraging them to share their experiences afterward. This shared practice can help group members feel more connected to their bodies and each other.
Another engaging mindfulness exercise is the five senses activity. Participants are asked to notice five things they can see, four things they can feel, three things they can hear, two things they can smell, and one thing they can taste. This exercise helps ground individuals in the present moment and can be particularly helpful for managing anxiety or stress within the group.
Art Therapy Techniques
Art therapy can be a powerful tool in group settings, allowing participants to express themselves creatively and explore emotions that may be difficult to verbalize. Expressive arts therapy incorporates various forms of creative expression, including drawing, painting, sculpture, and photography.
One effective art therapy technique is expressive journal writing. Participants can combine words, drawings, sketches, and collages to represent their emotions, thoughts, and experiences. This activity provides a safe space for authentic self-expression and can be continued between sessions as homework.
Another engaging art therapy exercise is mindful painting for stress relief. Participants are encouraged to intuitively draw or paint abstract representations of their stressors in response to the prompt "pressure." This non-verbal approach allows group members to express their feelings without judgment and can lead to meaningful discussions about stress management strategies.
By incorporating these specialized group therapy techniques, therapists can create a more dynamic and engaging therapeutic environment. These activities help build trust, encourage open communication, and provide opportunities for emotional expression and personal growth within the group setting.
Facilitating Effective Group Sessions
Facilitating effective group therapy sessions requires a delicate balance of structure, flexibility, and attentiveness to group dynamics. To create a supportive and productive environment, it's crucial to establish clear ground rules, manage group interactions, and regularly evaluate progress.
Setting Group Rules
Establishing ground rules is essential for creating a safe and respectful space in group therapy. These rules serve as the foundation for trust, confidentiality, and productive interactions. When setting group rules, it's important to involve participants in the process. This collaborative approach increases their sense of ownership and commitment to the rules.
Some common group therapy rules include:
Maintaining confidentiality
Showing respect and avoiding judgment
Active listening and participation
Arriving on time and attending regularly
Refraining from forming exclusive relationships outside the group
By clearly articulating these rules and explaining their importance, you can help create a structured environment where participants feel secure and understood.
Managing Group Dynamics
Effective group facilitation involves being attuned to the various personalities and interactions within the group. As a facilitator, you may encounter challenging dynamics such as dominant participants, shy members, or conflicts between individuals.
To manage these dynamics:
Encourage equal participation by gently redirecting overly talkative members and inviting quieter ones to share.
Use icebreakers and trust-building exercises to help foster connections among group members.
Address conflicts promptly and constructively, guiding participants to express themselves respectfully.
Be aware of your own biases and triggers to maintain a neutral and supportive stance.
Evaluating Progress
Regularly assessing the group's progress is crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of the therapy. This evaluation process helps identify areas of improvement and allows for necessary adjustments to the group's structure or focus.
Consider implementing the following evaluation methods:
Use pre and post-session surveys to gage participants' experiences and progress.
Encourage open feedback from group members about the therapy process.
Monitor attendance and engagement levels as indicators of the group's effectiveness.
Utilize standardized assessment tools to measure specific outcomes related to the group's goals.
By consistently evaluating progress, you can tailor the group therapy experience to better meet the needs of its participants and maximize its therapeutic benefits.
Full list of ideas for Group Therapy Activities
Group Chain
Description: Participants share their name and a fact about themselves, linking arms with someone who relates to their fact, forming a chain.
Activity Type: Ice Breaker
Benefits: Builds connections and commonalities.
Two Truths and a Lie
Description: Participants write down two truths and one lie about themselves. The group tries to guess the lie.
Activity Type: Ice Breaker
Benefits: Promotes getting to know each other in a fun way.
Strengths-Based Icebreaker
Description: Members share their biggest strengths and how those strengths have helped them in tough situations.
Activity Type: Ice Breaker
Benefits: Builds self-esteem and positive group dynamics.
Ball Toss Questions
Description: Participants toss a beach ball with questions written on it and answer the question under their thumb when they catch it.
Activity Type: Ice Breaker
Benefits: Encourages spontaneous sharing and fun.
Human Bingo
Description: Participants try to find group members who match various prompts on their bingo cards.
Activity Type: Ice Breaker
Benefits: Helps everyone get acquainted and build rapport.
Stand Up, Sit Down
Description: Participants stand or sit based on their experiences with prompts, fostering connection through shared experiences.
Activity Type: Ice Breaker
Benefits: Promotes engagement and shared understanding.
People Search
Description: Members find others who match qualities such as "creative" or "kind," promoting group bonding and self-esteem.
Activity Type: Ice Breaker
Benefits: Enhances bonding and builds positive recognition.
Emotion Charades
Description: Participants act out different emotions while others guess, enhancing non-verbal emotional recognition.
Activity Type: Ice Breaker
Benefits: Improves emotional recognition and social skills.
Human Knot
Description: Participants hold hands with two different people and work together to untangle themselves without letting go.
Activity Type: Trust-Building
Benefits: Encourages teamwork and problem-solving.
Blindfolded Assault Course
Description: Pairs work together, with one person blindfolded while the other guides them through an obstacle course with verbal instructions.
Activity Type: Trust-Building
Benefits: Develops trust and empathy among participants.
Mirror Activity
Description: Participants pair up, with one acting as a "mirror," mimicking the movements and emotions of their partner.
Activity Type: Trust-Building
Benefits: Builds empathy and connection.
Trust Fall
Description: Participants fall backward, relying on others to catch them.
Activity Type: Trust-Building
Benefits: Builds trust and encourages vulnerability.
Draw Your Mood
Description: Participants visually represent their current emotional state through drawing or painting.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Facilitates non-verbal emotional exploration.
Lighthouse Visualization
Description: Participants imagine a lighthouse guiding them through a stormy sea, then draw or paint the lighthouse as a symbol of support in their lives.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Identifies and expresses sources of hope.
Wheel of Emotions
Description: Participants spin a wheel to pick an emotion and then share a story or experience related to that feeling.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Enhances emotional awareness and sharing.
The Gratitude Jar
Description: Each member writes down something they're grateful for and places it in a jar, which is later read aloud.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Builds a positive atmosphere and promotes gratitude.
Letters of Hope
Description: Members write a letter to their future self or another group member, focusing on hope and encouragement.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Promotes positivity and forward-thinking.
Circle of Support
Description: Members draw a circle and fill it with names or symbols representing their support system, then discuss how those individuals provide support.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Increases awareness of personal support systems.
Affirmation Exchange
Description: Members write affirmations for each other, promoting positivity and group cohesion.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Builds positive self-esteem and group unity.
Affirmations
Description: Participants write their names on paper, and others write positive affirmations for them. The affirmations are then shared and discussed.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Reduces stress, improves self-view, and boosts self-esteem.
Fear in a Hat
Description: Members write their fears on paper and put them in a hat. Each participant pulls out a fear and discusses it, promoting reframing and empathy.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Reveals shared fears and builds empathy.
Self-Compassion Activity
Description: Participants write down self-talk during a challenging experience and compare it with how they would talk to a friend, fostering self-compassion.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Encourages self-compassion and positive self-talk.
Balloon Exercise
Description: Members write a negative thought on a balloon and then pop it, symbolizing the release of negativity.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Provides a symbolic release of negative emotions.
Feelings Walk
Description: Participants act out different feelings by walking in a manner that represents those emotions.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Reveals how emotions impact physical behavior.
Emotion Thermometer
Description: Participants rate their emotional intensity on a scale, helping to identify and discuss their feelings more effectively.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Improves emotional regulation and awareness.
Support Network Mapping
Description: Participants map their support system, identifying people who provide emotional support.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Increases awareness of personal support networks.
Empathy Circle
Description: Members take turns sharing while others listen, using a talking stick to ensure focused attention.
Activity Type: Emotional Expression
Benefits: Improves listening and empathy skills.
Empty Chair Technique
Description: Members imagine someone or a part of themselves in an empty chair and engage in a dialogue.
Activity Type: Role-Playing
Benefits: Helps process feelings and gain new perspectives.
Act Out Good Memories
Description: Participants act out positive memories with group members, reflecting on joyful experiences and fostering gratitude.
Activity Type: Role-Playing
Benefits: Develops gratitude and provides comfort.
Role-Playing Empathy
Description: Members role-play different scenarios to practice empathy and understanding.
Activity Type: Role-Playing
Benefits: Enhances empathy and social skills.
Vision Boards
Description: Members create vision boards with images representing their goals and ideal future, then share with the group for support.
Activity Type: Goal Setting
Benefits: Visualizes goals and fosters community support.
Values Clarification
Description: Members identify their core values and discuss how they align with their actions or goals.
Activity Type: Self-Reflection
Benefits: Encourages alignment between values and behavior.
Values Auction
Description: Participants use fake money to bid on values they find important, promoting self-awareness and prioritization.
Activity Type: Self-Reflection
Benefits: Clarifies personal values and priorities.
Life Timeline
Description: Participants create a timeline of significant life events, fostering reflection and insight.
Activity Type: Self-Reflection
Benefits: Promotes understanding of personal growth.
Legacy Building
Description: Participants create a representation of their desired legacy, focusing on their impact and values.
Activity Type: Self-Reflection
Benefits: Encourages meaningful living and purpose.
Body Scan Exercise
Description: Guided exercise focusing on different body parts, fostering awareness of physical sensations without judgment.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Enhances self-awareness and grounding.
Five Senses Activity
Description: Participants observe and list sensations using their five senses, helping ground them in the present moment.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Reduces anxiety and enhances focus.
Stress-Relief Techniques
Description: Members practice relaxation techniques such as breathing exercises or guided imagery to reduce stress and improve coping skills.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Reduces stress and promotes relaxation skills.
Silent Reflection Walk
Description: Participants walk silently, focusing on mindfulness and self-reflection.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Reduces stress and promotes mindfulness.
Mindful Coloring
Description: Participants color intricate designs while focusing on the present moment, reducing stress.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Reduces anxiety and enhances mindfulness.
Mindful Eating
Description: Participants eat mindfully, focusing on the sensory experience of each bite.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Enhances mindfulness and sensory awareness.
Eco-Therapy
Description: Activities like gardening or nature walks connect members to nature and provide therapeutic benefits.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Reduces stress and promotes relaxation.
Mindful Gardening
Description: Participants engage in gardening activities, focusing on the sensory aspects of working with plants.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Reduces stress and promotes relaxation.
Mindfulness Meditation
Description: Participants practice guided meditation to reduce stress and enhance mindfulness.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Promotes relaxation and emotional balance.
Cognitive Restructuring
Description: Participants write down negative thoughts and exchange them with others to receive positive reframing suggestions.
Activity Type: CBT-Based Activity
Benefits: Promotes positive thinking and diverse perspectives.
Behavioral Activation
Description: Participants brainstorm positive activities and create action plans to incorporate them into their routines.
Activity Type: CBT-Based Activity
Benefits: Encourages positive behavior changes.
Survival Scenario
Description: Participants work together to decide which items they need to survive a hypothetical situation.
Activity Type: Problem-Solving
Benefits: Promotes teamwork and creative thinking.
Creative Problem-Solving Challenge
Description: Participants work together to solve a problem creatively, promoting collaboration and reducing anxiety.
Activity Type: Problem-Solving
Benefits: Improves problem-solving skills and builds teamwork.
Group Playlist
Description: Creating a group music playlist fosters connection through shared music preferences.
Activity Type: Creative Expression
Benefits: Builds rapport and highlights shared interests.
Listening to Music
Description: Members select a song that represents them, and the group listens and discusses each selection.
Activity Type: Creative Expression
Benefits: Encourages sharing and emotional exploration.
Interactive Story Building
Description: Members build a story together by contributing parts one by one, fostering creativity and teamwork.
Activity Type: Creative Expression
Benefits: Promotes creativity and enhances group cohesion.
Collaborative Storybook
Description: Participants create a storybook together, each contributing illustrations or text to build a cohesive narrative.
Activity Type: Creative Expression
Benefits: Enhances creativity and teamwork.
Photo Voice
Description: Members take photos that represent their experiences, sharing and discussing them in the group.
Activity Type: Creative Expression
Benefits: Enhances self-expression and insight.
Group Mural
Description: Members contribute to a shared mural to creatively express their feelings.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Encourages teamwork and creative expression.
Expressive Journal Writing
Description: Participants create journals combining words, sketches, and collages to represent their experiences and emotions.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Facilitates creative self-expression.
Mindful Painting
Description: Participants paint abstract representations of their stressors in response to prompts, followed by group discussion.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Promotes stress relief and emotional expression.
Emotion Sculpting
Description: Participants use clay or other materials to create a visual representation of an emotion they’re experiencing.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Facilitates emotional exploration and expression.
Collaborative Drawing
Description: Members contribute to a shared artwork, enhancing teamwork and creativity.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Promotes collaboration and creative bonding.
Mask-Making
Description: Participants create masks representing their perceived and authentic selves.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Encourages introspection and discussion of identity.
Life Metaphor Collage
Description: Participants create a collage that represents their life journey, facilitating self-awareness and reflection.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Enhances self-awareness and insight.
Personal Coat of Arms
Description: Participants design a coat of arms that represents their strengths and values.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Enhances self-esteem and self-awareness.
Group Mandala Creation
Description: Participants collaborate to create a mandala, fostering group cohesion and creativity.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Promotes relaxation and community building.
Nature Mandalas
Description: Participants use natural materials to create mandalas, connecting with nature while fostering mindfulness.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Encourages creativity and reduces stress.
Body Mapping
Description: Participants outline their bodies on large paper and indicate areas where they feel specific emotions.
Activity Type: Art Therapy
Benefits: Enhances emotional awareness and body-mind connection.
Mindful Music Listening
Description: Participants listen to calming music while focusing on the emotions or thoughts it evokes.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Enhances relaxation and emotional regulation.
Mindful Walking
Description: Participants walk slowly, paying attention to each step and their surroundings.
Activity Type: Mindfulness
Benefits: Promotes grounding and relaxation.
Sand Tray Therapy
Description: Participants use a tray of sand and small objects to create scenes that represent their feelings or experiences.
Activity Type: Creative Expression
Benefits: Encourages self-expression and insight.
Music and Movement
Description: Participants move freely to music, allowing their bodies to express emotions.
Activity Type: Creative Expression
Benefits: Releases tension and enhances emotional expression.
Conclusion
Group therapy ideas offer a powerful toolbox for mental health professionals to foster healing and growth in a collective setting. From ice breakers and trust-building exercises to specialized techniques like CBT-based activities and art therapy, these therapeutic group activities provide a unique platform for individuals to connect, share experiences, and develop essential skills. By implementing these ideas effectively and creating a supportive group environment, therapists can significantly enhance the impact of mental health group sessions.
The journey of facilitating effective group therapy sessions involves a delicate balance of structure, flexibility, and attentiveness to group dynamics. By setting clear ground rules, managing group interactions skillfully, and regularly evaluating progress, therapists can create a safe and productive space for personal growth and healing. As group therapy continues to evolve, these ideas and techniques will play a crucial role in shaping the future of collective mental health support, offering hope and transformation to those seeking help in a shared therapeutic environment.
FAQs
How can group therapy sessions be made more engaging?
To make group therapy sessions more engaging, consider incorporating these 11 fun activities: role-playing different scenarios, playing feelings charades, engaging in therapy bingo, sharing stories in story circles, identifying personal strengths in strengths spotting, creating a goal-setting collage, practicing guided imagery visualization, and playing a coping skills card game.
What are some effective group therapy activities for adults with mental health issues?
For adults with mental health issues, group therapy can include activities like checking in to manage conversation flow, creating vision boards, playing "Two Truths and a Lie," sharing fun facts, discussing food for healing, focusing on self-care, sharing meaningful songs, and engaging in stress management and relaxation techniques.
What activities help develop life skills in adults with mental health challenges?
Activities that help build life skills in adults with mental health challenges include hiking, cooking, dancing, and making art. These activities not only foster a sense of group identity and enhance social skills but also act as effective icebreakers during the initial stages of group therapy.
Which type of group therapy is most widely used?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) groups are the most widely used form of group therapy. This approach is highly effective as it encourages individuals to reassess their thoughts and participate in activities that promote a healthier perspective towards their emotions and thoughts.
References
[1] - https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-group-therapy-2795760
[2] - https://www.wcupa.edu/_services/counselingCenter/documents/groupTherapyBenefits.pdf
[3] - https://www.carepatron.com/blog/effective-therapy-icebreakers-to-foster-connection
[4] - https://www.mentalhealthctr.com/10-group-therapy-activities-for-adults/
[5] - https://www.lausd.org/cms/lib/CA01000043/Centricity/Domain/542/Team%20Building-communication_activities_.pdf
[6] - https://www.mygroupguide.com/grouptherapyicebreakers/
[7] - http://www.expressivetherapist.com/group-activities.html