Insights for Clinicians: Individual Therapy Approaches to Relationship Healing

Relationship issues present complex clinical decisions that many therapists face daily. While couples therapy remains the obvious choice for relationship concerns, individual therapy offers distinct advantages that can create more profound therapeutic outcomes [11]. This approach provides clients with a safe space for personal growth and self-reflection without the complications of managing partner dynamics simultaneously.

Individual therapy for relationship concerns allows you to focus exclusively on one person's patterns, attachments, and behavioral responses. This concentrated attention enables deeper exploration than couples sessions often permit [3]. Your clients gain clearer understanding of their emotional patterns and behaviors that impact all their relationships [3]. The benefits extend beyond romantic partnerships to family connections, workplace relationships, friendships, and most importantly, their relationship with themselves [11].

Clinical expertise becomes crucial when working with relationship issues individually. Therapists must develop specialized skills to avoid common pitfalls, particularly the tendency to become an "ally" against an absent partner. This dynamic can undermine therapeutic progress and create ethical concerns.

This article provides the clinical framework for choosing individual relationship therapy over couples work. You'll discover methods for analyzing subjective relationship narratives and evidence-based strategies that help clients develop healthier relationship patterns through solo therapeutic work.

Why Choose Individual Therapy Over Couples Work?

Clinical decisions about treatment modality require careful consideration of multiple factors. Relationship issues don't automatically necessitate couples therapy. Individual treatment offers compelling advantages that may better serve your clients' therapeutic goals.

Explaining to your client why individual therapy can be better for them

Individual sessions create protected space for personal exploration that couples therapy cannot always provide. Clients processing relationship concerns benefit from the privacy that allows them to examine uncomfortable emotions without simultaneously managing their partner's reactions. This focused environment enables clearer insight into personal patterns that affect their connections.

Several specific advantages make individual therapy particularly effective:

• Personal growth focus - Individual sessions allow deeper exploration of attachment history, family-of-origin issues, and past trauma that might be too vulnerable to address initially in front of a partner [3]

• Schedule flexibility - Coordinating one person's schedule rather than two makes consistent attendance more achievable [14]

• Independent healing - Clients gain empowered decision-making and self-awareness that forms the foundation for healthier relationships [14]

• Customized approach - Treatment plans target individual psychopathology that may be contributing to relationship dysfunction [14]

Individual therapy provides essential time to address people-pleasing tendencies, clarify personal desires versus external expectations, and develop communication skills that benefit all relationships [3]. Clients first understand themselves before attempting to navigate complex relationship dynamics.

Highlight what is harder to achieve in couples work

Couples therapy faces inherent limitations that individual sessions can circumvent. When one partner explores vulnerable attachment wounds, the other may feel threatened or become defensive, restricting therapeutic progress. Individual therapy removes this reactive dynamic entirely.

Therapeutic growth asymmetry presents another challenge. Research shows that unbalanced intervention with only one partner can create iatrogenic (therapy-induced) relationship damage [3]. One partner may evolve significantly while the other remains static, generating new imbalances that strain the relationship.

Couples therapy encounters additional obstacles when:

• Deep-rooted traumas require extended processing time

• One partner demonstrates resistance to change or therapy participation

• Toxic patterns of abuse, manipulation, or neglect are present [14]

• Mental health issues like depression, anxiety, or PTSD significantly impact relationship dynamics but need individual attention [14]

Individual therapy creates necessary healing space that often must precede effective couples work.

Couples therapy vs individual therapy: clinical decision-making

Treatment modality decisions depend on whether relationship issues stem primarily from individual psychopathology or systemic interaction patterns. Personal mental health concerns that predominantly impact the relationship often indicate individual therapy as the appropriate starting point [14].

Clients with limited self-awareness or difficulty with personal growth work benefit from individual therapy groundwork before couples intervention. Dr. Meaghan Rice notes, "Couples therapy is better for people that have already had some experience with their own personal work... relationships have a higher propensity to be successful when individuals feel better" [14].

The clinical decision frequently involves sequencing rather than exclusivity. Many therapists recommend individual therapy alongside or before couples counseling [15]. This approach addresses personal issues and relationship dynamics without creating therapeutic imbalances.

Partners unwilling to attend therapy make individual sessions the only viable option. Focus on helping clients understand their contributions to relationship patterns rather than attempting to "fix" absent partners. This approach prevents the therapeutic alliance from becoming adversarial against non-attending partners while still promoting meaningful change.

Ethical implications of seeing only one partner warrant consideration. Diagnostic errors can occur when therapists draw conclusions about relationship dynamics without witnessing interactions directly [3]. Maintain awareness of these limitations while providing effective support for individual relationship healing.

Working with the 'Unavailable Partner' in Individual Sessions

Clinical practice frequently presents situations where only one partner seeks therapeutic support. This scenario creates unique challenges while opening meaningful opportunities for individual intervention.

Therapeutic strategies when one partner refuses therapy

Client acceptance becomes the foundation for productive work when partners decline therapy participation. Help your client understand they cannot control their partner's willingness to engage in the therapeutic process [4]. This acceptance forms the groundwork for effective individual intervention.

Effective clinical strategies include:

• Self-focus approach - Redirect attention from partner shortcomings to client patterns and responses. Focus on their contribution to relationship dynamics rather than areas beyond their control [5].

• Pattern identification - Guide clients to recognize their role in relationship cycles without creating blame [6].

• Narrative reframing - Support clients in shifting from anger to expressing vulnerability. When triggered, teach them to show hurt rather than anger, interrupting negative pursuit-distance cycles [7].

• Cognitive distortion challenges - Address assumptions about partner motives, particularly "always" and "never" statements that create shame for withdrawing partners [7].

Individual work creates foundations for systemic change without direct partner involvement. Research shows that when one person undergoes personal change, it naturally influences their partner interactions, often creating positive relationship shifts [8].

Helping clients navigate distress without systemic input

Clients experience significant distress when unable to engage partners in therapeutic work. Your role focuses on developing emotional regulation skills that function independently of partner participation.

Begin by addressing underlying issues that may be affecting their relationship satisfaction. Common concerns include past traumas, anxiety, depression, or work-related stress [4]. Relationship difficulties often reflect internal struggles—addressing personal concerns frequently improves relationship dynamics even without partner presence [9].

Communication skills remain crucial regardless of partner response. Teach active listening techniques and assertive communication using "I" statements rather than blame-focused "you" statements [10]. These approaches prevent conflict escalation while promoting clearer need expression.

Boundary establishment provides essential support. This skill enables clients to maintain emotional wellbeing when partners refuse constructive engagement [11]. Boundaries offer structure and safety within relationships lacking systemic therapeutic input.

Managing the urge to 'fix' the relationship solo

Many clients enter individual therapy determined to solve relationship problems unilaterally. This counterproductive approach requires careful clinical management.

Help clients recognize solo relationship repair limitations. Clarify that individual therapy cannot substitute for couples counseling but significantly improves personal relationship contributions [12]. This shifts expectations from changing partners to changing themselves.

Therapeutic focus becomes the client's response to relationship challenges rather than the challenges themselves. Avoid the "therapist as ally" trap by preventing collusion against absent partners [13]. Resist labeling partners as "the problem," which reinforces unhelpful dynamics.

Teach clients to distinguish between changeable and unchangeable factors. Individual therapy helps them stop trying to solve their withdrawing partner's puzzle and accept fundamental differences in emotional expression [7]. This acceptance often reduces pursuit-withdrawal patterns that intensify relationship distress.

Consistent individual therapeutic work enables clients to show up differently in relationships, catalyzing positive systemic change without direct intervention. The therapeutic relationship models healthier interaction patterns, providing templates for future relationship dynamics [11].

Pre- and Post-Relationship Work in Individual Therapy

Individual therapy provides essential support during relationship transitions—both preparing clients for healthy connections and helping them heal from relationship endings. These critical phases require tailored therapeutic approaches that address each client's unique attachment patterns and relational history.

Attachment repair before entering a relationship

Attachment theory forms the cornerstone of pre-relationship therapeutic work. Clients with insecure attachment develop protective strategies against emotional hurt—some become dismissive, others fear rejection intensely, while some experience disorganized attachment where they simultaneously crave and fear connection [3]. Early experiences create internal working models of self ("I am not worthy of being loved") and others ("I cannot trust anyone") that shape future romantic relationships [3].

The therapeutic relationship itself becomes a powerful vehicle for change. Building a secure bond between you and your client facilitates trust, opens communication pathways, and helps clients understand how current patterns stem from early experiences [14]. This secure therapeutic foundation allows clients to practice healthier ways of relating before they apply these skills with romantic partners.

Effective attachment repair techniques include:

• The Ideal Parent Figure (IPF) protocol—helping clients imagine and internalize secure attachment experiences they missed in childhood [14]

• Emotional processing that activates old, maladaptive responses and then accesses avoided, vulnerable emotions [3]

• Re-parenting the inner child by compassionately attending to unmet childhood needs that continue influencing adult behaviors [14]

These approaches help clients develop better emotion regulation and learn to build trust—both essential foundations for successful future relationships.

Processing breakups and identity loss

Relationship endings trigger complex emotional responses including anger, sadness, grief, and identity confusion [15]. Romantic breakups are cited among the worst traumatic experiences [16], often leading to depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and reduced self-confidence [16].

Your therapeutic focus during this phase should center on identity reformulation. Many clients intertwine their identity with significant relationships, so when relationships end, they grieve both the partner and their sense of self [15]. Help clients rediscover hobbies, interests, and social connections they may have neglected during their relationship.

Meaning-focused coping strategies prove particularly valuable. Research shows that identifying positives and benefit-finding correlate with better post-breakup adjustment [16]. Guide clients to create coherent narratives about their relationship's end, as this process supports overall healing [16]. This work helps clients extract meaningful lessons that enhance future relationship success—outcomes that Tashiro and Frazier identified as common benefits following breakups [16].

Complex grief and relational trauma recovery

7-10% of bereaved people develop complicated grief—a condition where intense yearning, longing, and sadness continue indefinitely [17]. After relationship loss, complicated grief often appears through persistent rumination, excessive avoidance, and ongoing disbelief about the relationship's end [17].

Complicated Grief Treatment (CGT) provides an effective therapeutic approach, combining strategies from interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing [18]. This treatment identifies psychological barriers to grief progress, including thoughts and behaviors that either activate the attachment system or prevent its natural deactivation [18].

Core therapeutic strategies involve imaginal revisiting and debriefing, establishing personal goals, practicing self-care, and involving significant others [18]. These interventions help clients gradually integrate thoughts of their former relationship into future plans, rather than remaining stuck in acute grief [18].

Clients with relational trauma benefit from attachment-based therapy that rebuilds trust in others, improves emotion regulation, and develops capacity to meet emotional needs independently [14]. Successful healing requires understanding the loss's finality and consequences, revising future hopes, and redefining the relationship with the former partner [17].

Deconstructing the Client's Relationship Narrative

Relationship narratives rarely reflect objective reality. Clients present stories filtered through emotional states, cognitive biases, and past experiences. Your clinical skill lies in separating subjective interpretations from actual patterns, creating pathways for meaningful change.

Cognitive distortions in relationship stories

Relationship distress amplifies cognitive biases that fuel emotional reactivity and maintain dysfunctional cycles. These distortions color how clients interpret partner behaviors, creating self-perpetuating misperceptions that require clinical intervention.

Common distortions include:

• Mind-reading - Assuming partner's thoughts without verification

• Catastrophizing - Predicting relationship doom from minor conflicts

• All-or-nothing thinking - Viewing relationships in absolute terms

• Emotional reasoning - "I feel unloved, therefore I am unloved"

• Disqualifying the positive - Dismissing partner's positive actions while magnifying negatives

Challenge these patterns through Socratic questioning and evidence examination. Help clients develop alternative narratives that reduce emotional reactivity. This process creates space for new relational experiences based on clearer perception rather than distorted interpretation.

Projection and transference in the dyad

Projection allows clients to disown uncomfortable aspects of themselves by attributing them to partners. This defense mechanism requires careful clinical attention. Your role involves helping clients reclaim these projections without shame.

Transference patterns from past relationships profoundly influence current dynamics. The therapeutic relationship itself becomes a laboratory for examining these patterns. When clients react strongly to perceived partner rejection, explore connections to early caregiver experiences.

Projection reclamation represents significant therapeutic progress. Clients who recognize how they project their inner critic onto partners or transfer childhood wounds into current relationships develop greater differentiation. This process reduces blame while increasing personal responsibility for emotional states.

Analyzing communication patterns from a solo perspective

Individual therapy allows unique opportunities to interrupt dysfunctional communication cycles. Focus on your client's contribution to these patterns rather than trying to analyze absent partner behaviors.

The demand-withdraw cycle appears frequently in relationship distress. Address this pattern by helping clients:

1. Identify their typical role in recurring conflicts

2. Recognize early physiological signs of escalation

3. Develop alternative responses that interrupt established patterns

4. Practice self-soothing when partner responses trigger attachment anxiety

Pattern interruption becomes possible even with one partner. Pursuing clients who learn to express vulnerability instead of criticism often receive different partner responses without direct intervention.

Consider reconstructing recent interactions in detail during sessions. This concrete analysis reveals communication nuances that general impressions miss. Clients gain insight into how their approaches either facilitate connection or maintain disconnection, empowering different choices regardless of partner participation.

What Individual Therapy Uniquely Offers for Relationship Healing

Individual therapy provides three distinct therapeutic mechanisms that couples work simply cannot match. These mechanisms expand your clinical approach beyond surface-level symptoms to create lasting relationship change.

Deep exploration of attachment history

Individual sessions create the perfect environment for attachment work. Clients feel safe exploring painful childhood experiences without worrying about their partner's reactions or defensive responses. The psychotherapeutic relationship itself becomes a powerful vehicle for attachment repair [1].

Clients can examine how early caregiver experiences shaped their "internal working models" of relationships. These models directly influence current relationship patterns, as research confirms insecure attachment styles correlate with difficulty managing interpersonal anxiety [19].

Your role involves guiding clients to connect childhood attachment relationships with current relationship patterns. This process helps them recognize how family dynamics continue shaping their adult connections [20]. Without a partner present, clients can process vulnerable attachment wounds that might feel too threatening to explore in couples therapy.

Focus on individual psychopathology and symptom impact

Personal psychological issues often undermine relationship functioning in ways couples therapy cannot adequately address. Research demonstrates a clear reciprocal relationship—relationship distress predicts psychopathology, and psychopathology predicts relationship problems [21]. Individual psychotherapy becomes less effective when clients remain in highly distressed relationships [21].

Individual sessions provide space to explore how depression, anxiety, or trauma symptoms manifest within relationship dynamics. Long-term marital conflict has been identified as a key factor in treatment-resistant depression [22]. Addressing individual symptoms first establishes the foundation for healthier relationship patterns.

Your client's attachment style significantly influences therapeutic outcomes. Securely attached therapists create stronger therapeutic alliances [19], though all therapists can build effective bonds through developed emotional regulation skills [19].

Building a secure base through the therapeutic relationship

The therapeutic relationship itself becomes the most powerful tool for change. You create a safe environment that fosters trust and emotional connection [1]. This relationship serves as both a "secure base" and "safe haven" for your clients [23].

You embody what Bowlby described as a "stronger and wiser" figure providing knowledge and security [23]. Clients experience consistent emotional support that enables exploration of difficult emotions and memories while promoting healing [1].

Your therapeutic relationship becomes a practice laboratory for new ways of relating. Through this corrective emotional experience, clients internalize secure attachment patterns [2] they can apply to romantic relationships. Individual therapy doesn't just address relationship problems—it models the secure connection your clients seek.

Clinical Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Therapists

Ethical complexities multiply when addressing relationship issues through individual therapy. Your clinical approach must balance supporting one client while remaining fair to an absent partner who cannot advocate for themselves.

Managing the 'Therapist as Ally' trap

The most common pitfall involves inadvertently becoming your client's advocate against their partner. This dynamic develops gradually through seemingly supportive responses that validate complaints about the absent partner. Some therapists make the serious error of diagnosing absent partners they have never assessed, which reinforces polarized positions and damages therapeutic neutrality [24].

Maintaining professional boundaries requires constant vigilance. Focus exclusively on your client's experiences and patterns rather than agreeing with negative partner characterizations. Redirect conversations toward your client's contributions to relationship dynamics instead of dwelling on their partner's perceived faults.

When clients seek validation for their complaints, respond with curiosity about their own reactions and choices. This approach maintains therapeutic integrity while still providing meaningful support.

Ethical considerations and scope of practice

Your professional competence determines appropriate treatment boundaries. Professional ethics codes require referral when relationship issues exceed your expertise [25]. This protection benefits clients and prevents potential therapeutic harm.

Clear client identification becomes essential from the first session. Unless explicitly agreed otherwise, both relationship partners constitute "the client" even in individual sessions [26]. This framework helps maintain neutrality and prevents role confusion.

Cultural factors significantly impact relationship dynamics and therapeutic outcomes. Misunderstandings based on cultural differences create barriers to effective treatment [27]. Developing cultural competence through genuine curiosity about diverse backgrounds builds trust and improves therapeutic effectiveness.

Document your rationale for choosing individual over couples therapy. This clinical reasoning protects both you and your client while ensuring appropriate treatment selection.

Working with the 'Over-Functioner' client

Over-functioning clients present unique challenges in relationship work. These individuals typically carry excessive responsibility while harboring deep resentment about their partner's apparent inadequacy [28]. Their competent exterior often masks underlying burnout and frustration.

Therapeutic goals for over-functioners include:

• Recognizing how their over-functioning enables their partner's under-functioning

• Learning to tolerate their partner's struggles without immediate rescue

• Developing self-differentiation skills that reduce codependent patterns [28]

The most difficult aspect involves teaching these clients to step back and allow their partners to experience natural consequences. This restraint feels counterintuitive to their helping nature but remains essential for relationship balance.

Progress occurs slowly as over-functioners gradually release control and focus on their own needs and boundaries.

Conclusion

Individual therapy for relationship healing offers mental health professionals a powerful alternative to traditional couples work. This approach provides clients with focused attention on their personal patterns, attachment history, and behavioral responses without the complications of managing partner dynamics simultaneously.

Your clinical decision between individual and couples therapy depends on multiple factors: client readiness, partner availability, and specific therapeutic goals. Individual therapy excels at addressing personal psychological issues that undermine relationship functioning, while providing the safety needed for vulnerable attachment work.

Clients whose partners refuse therapy can still achieve meaningful relationship improvements through individual sessions. This work focuses on their own patterns, emotional regulation skills, and boundary establishment—creating positive changes that often influence the entire relationship system.

The therapeutic relationship itself becomes a vehicle for attachment repair. Through this secure base, clients experience corrective emotional bonds that serve as templates for healthier connections. Individual therapy provides crucial support during relationship transitions, whether preparing for new relationships or processing complex grief after breakups.

Ready to enhance your relationship therapy practice? Modern tools can help you provide better care while managing the administrative demands of individual therapy sessions. Yung Sidekick streamlines documentation for mental health professionals, automatically generating progress notes and session reports so you can focus entirely on your clients' healing journey. Our HIPAA-compliant platform ensures client confidentiality while saving hours of note-taking time.

Ethical considerations remain essential when working with relationship issues individually. Maintaining neutrality, respecting your scope of practice, and avoiding collusion against absent partners protects both therapeutic integrity and client wellbeing. Research from the American Psychological Association emphasizes the importance of these ethical guidelines in individual relationship therapy.

Professional development in attachment-based approaches enhances your effectiveness with relationship healing. The National Institute of Mental Health provides evidence-based resources on attachment theory applications in clinical practice, supporting therapists who integrate these methods into their work.

Individual therapy doesn't just address relationship problems—it empowers clients to understand their emotional patterns, interrupt dysfunctional cycles, and develop healthier relationship skills across all their connections. This approach offers distinct clinical advantages that make it the preferred choice for many relationship concerns.

Transform your therapy practice with advanced documentation tools. Yung Sidekick helps mental health professionals provide exceptional care while maintaining detailed clinical records. Experience how AI-powered session transcripts and automated progress notes can enhance your individual therapy sessions, giving you more time for the meaningful work of relationship healing. Start your streamlined practice today.

Key Takeaways

Individual therapy offers powerful pathways for relationship healing that couples work often cannot achieve, focusing on personal patterns and attachment wounds without partner interference.

• Individual therapy allows deeper exploration of attachment history and trauma without defensive partner reactions, creating safer spaces for vulnerable work.

• When partners refuse therapy, focus clients on their own patterns and responses rather than trying to "fix" absent partners or change relationship dynamics unilaterally.

• The therapeutic relationship itself serves as a secure base that models healthy attachment, providing corrective emotional experiences clients can apply to romantic relationships.

• Address individual psychopathology like depression or anxiety first, as personal mental health issues significantly impact relationship functioning and must be stabilized before effective couples work.

• Avoid the "therapist as ally" trap by maintaining neutrality and redirecting focus from partner criticism to client's contribution to relationship patterns.

Individual therapy doesn't just address relationship problems—it transforms how clients show up in all their connections by building self-awareness, emotional regulation skills, and secure attachment patterns that create lasting change even when partners don't participate in treatment.

FAQs

How can individual therapy help with relationship issues?

Individual therapy can be highly effective for relationship healing by allowing deep exploration of personal patterns, attachment history, and behaviors without the complexities of managing partner dynamics. It provides a safe space to work on self-awareness, emotional regulation, and communication skills that can positively impact all relationships.

What are the advantages of individual therapy over couples therapy for relationship problems?

Individual therapy offers several advantages, including a more focused approach on personal growth, greater schedule flexibility, and the ability to address individual mental health issues that may be affecting the relationship. It also allows for deeper exploration of vulnerable topics that might be difficult to discuss in front of a partner.

Can individual therapy help if my partner refuses to attend couples counseling?

Yes, individual therapy can be beneficial even if your partner doesn't participate. It helps you focus on your own patterns and responses, develop better emotional regulation skills, and establish healthier boundaries. These personal changes often create positive ripple effects in the relationship, even without direct partner involvement.

How does individual therapy address attachment issues in relationships?

Individual therapy provides a safe environment to explore and repair attachment wounds from childhood that may be affecting current relationships. Through the therapeutic relationship itself, clients can experience a secure attachment bond that serves as a model for healthier connections in their personal lives.

What ethical considerations should I be aware of when seeking individual therapy for relationship issues?

Therapists must maintain neutrality and avoid colluding with clients against absent partners. They should focus on the client's experiences and contributions to relationship dynamics rather than making judgments about the partner. It's also important that therapists work within their scope of practice and refer to specialists when necessary for complex relationship issues.

References

[1] - https://calmerry.com/blog/relationships/individual-therapy-for-relationship-issues/#:~:text=issues or approaches.-,What is individual relationship therapy or counseling?,emotional healing, and improved dynamics.
[2] - https://counselingcentergroup.com/individual-vs-couples-therapy/
[3] - https://thegreenroompsych.com/overcoming-relationship-issues-through-individual-therapy/#:
[4] - https://kcrelationshipinstitute.com/the-benefits-of-couples-therapy-vs-individual-therapy/
[5] - https://www.talkspace.com/blog/couples-therapy-vs-individual-therapy/
[6] - https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/resolution-not-conflict/201202/beware-individual-therapy-can-harm-your-marriage
[7] - https://www.laureltherapy.net/blog/7-things-couples-therapy-cant-change
[8] - https://www.nashvillepsych.com/why-couples-seeking-counseling-can-benefit-from-individual-therapy-first/
[9] - https://rightpathcounselingli.com/what-therapy-options-are-available-if-your-partner-is-not-ready-for-couples-counseling/
[10] - https://www.gottman.com/blog/help-my-partner-wont-go-to-therapy/
[11] - https://www.allinthefamilycounselling.com/information-about-counseling/2018/going-it-solo-for-couple-counseling/
[12] - https://www.soulcarecounselingdfw.com/blog/help-my-partner-is-emotionally-unavailable
[13] - https://drbonniesrelationshiprehab.com/relationship-therapy-for-one-person-really-make-a-difference/
[14] - https://www.stepsrc.com/individual-therapy-for-relationship-issues/
[15] - https://www.thesohocenter.com/post/partner-wont-do-couples-counseling-heres-why-counseling-can-still-help
[16] - https://calmerry.com/blog/relationships/individual-therapy-for-relationship-issues/
[17] - https://limetreecounseling.com/spouse-refuses-marriage-therapy/
[18] - https://www.instituteforrelationalintimacy.com/blog/working-with-relationship-problems-in-individual-therapy
[19] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8489519/
[20] - https://www.attachmentproject.com/psychology/attachment-based-therapy/
[21] - https://www.counseling.org/publications/counseling-today-magazine/article-archive/article/legacy/counseling-a-broken-heart
[22] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6051550/
[23] - https://www.abct.org/fact-sheets/complicated-grief/
[24] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3156458/
[25] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11555657/
[26] - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.784010/full
[27] - https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/attachment-based-therapy
[28] - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24773298/
[29] - https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.155.5.582
[30] - https://societyforpsychotherapy.org/attachment-theory-and-the-psychotherapy-relationship-summarizing-what-we-know/
[31] - https://silverlakepsychology.com/how-attachment-therapy-works-a-beginners-guide/
[32] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9543449/
[33] - https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-scope-of-practice-for-therapists-5323826
[34] - https://drmattmorris.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Ethical-Considerations-when-Integrating-Individual-Sessions-into-Couples.pdf
[35] - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK608012/
[36] - https://www.oliverdrakefordtherapy.com/post/under-and-overfunctioning-in-relationships