This handout introduces cognitive distortions—automatic, habitual thinking patterns that can increase distress and keep clients stuck. It explains what distortions are, why they happen, and emphasizes that the goal is not “positive thinking,” but noticing patterns and practicing more balanced alternatives. The included table makes it easy to teach common distortions with clear definitions and example thoughts, helping clients recognize their own patterns and prepare for thought record work.

Best for

• Early CBT sessions and psychoeducation

• Clients new to cognitive restructuring

• Normalizing and naming thinking patterns without judgment